Embedded Software sebagai Fondasi Smart City: Analisis Kesiapan dan Arah Strategi Pemerintahan Digital di Indonesia

Abstract

This study systematically reviews the role of embedded software as a fundamental component in the development of smart cities in Indonesia. The review aims to bridge the gap in understanding the technological, organizational, and policy factors that shape national digital governance readiness. By analyzing 50 empirical and conceptual studies using qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method approaches, this paper highlights the significance of embedded software integration, digital readiness models, and multi-stakeholder collaboration in building effective smart city ecosystems. The findings reveal that embedded software serves as a key enabler of digital governance through real-time data management, public service automation, and enhanced operational efficiency. However, infrastructure limitations, cybersecurity issues, and low digital literacy continue to hinder its effectiveness. Organizational readiness largely depends on human resource capacity and the adaptability of policies to local contexts. Collaborative governance models strengthen multi-sector synergy but face operational challenges due to bureaucratic fragmentation and limited local implementation. Overall, this study underscores the need for an adaptive and integrated strategy that aligns technology, human factors, and policy to advance Indonesia’s inclusive and sustainable digital governance transformation.